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| Title | Text | Reference | Explanation | Status | Applicable | Country | Topic | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| "Green Skills" - A program for entrepreneurs | The University of Latvia offers a paid program called "Green Skills" (Green Entrepreneurship). Duration: 2 months, 64 hours. Program aim is to promote more efficient and responsible consumption of natural resources. Target audience: Small & Medium Business Managers, Divisional Managers, Corporate Employees Responsible for Planning Business Development. Key topics: 1.The interaction between economy and natural environment. Sustainable development in national economy and entrepreneurship. 2. Classification of natural resources. Resource inventories and their valuation methods. 3. Role of renewable and non-renewable resources in the economy, methods of their sustainable management. 4. Waste streams in the economy. Methods of controlling waste and emissions. 5. Principles of green business. Economy of natural resources. 6. Innovative, sustainable and environmentally friendly business management model. 7. Environmental management systems. Methods for monitoring natural resource consumption and environmental impact of business. The result of the program is a student made environmentally friendly company project. | Reference URL | Training program | Builders, Employers, Institutions | LV | Energy economy in use, Energy economy in construction, Waste management, Use of other resources | Edit | Delete | |
| GreenS Catalog of Green Manufacturers and Suppliers | Within the European Union (EU) Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, an online catalog of products, services and construction that meet the criteria for green public procurement has been created as part of the international Green Public Procurement Support Institutions for Innovative and Sustainable Institutional Change (GreenS) project. The GreenS project team has developed an online catalog of producer and supplier profiles that offer green products to the public. The catalog is the result of market research conducted within the GreenS project. The purpose of the catalog is to support initial market research and the preparation of green public procurement documents. The catalog is intended for companies whose products, services and construction meet the criteria for green public procurement and are based in Sweden; In Latvia; In Germany; In Italy; In Spain; In Bulgaria; In Cyprus; In Slovenia. Each company is responsible for profile creation and data entry. The GreenS catalog is constantly evolving to meet market changes and demands. The information in the catalog is regularly updated and is considered an innovative tool developed within the GreenS project as an added value for green public procurement. | Reference URL | Recommendation | Schools, Universities, Builders, Employers, Institutions | LV | Energy economy in use, Energy economy in construction, Waste management, Use of other resources | Edit | Delete | |
| Informative report "On Progress in Implementation of the Green Public Procurement Support Plan 2015-2017 in 2016" | In 2015, the Green Procurement Promotion Plan 2015-2017 was developed in Latvia, which aimed at contributing to sustainable consumption and production through increasing the proportion of green procurement, especially green public procurement. Since October 2014 in Latvia application of green public procurement criteria is mandatory in the procurement of food supply and catering services in state and local government institutions. The current regulation (in force from 1st July 2017) extends the scope of mandatory application to additional six product groups and services. The Green procurement is one of the implementation tools of the horizontal principle "sustainable development" applied to receive the assistance from EU financial instruments. | Reference URL | Recommendation | Schools, Universities, Builders, Employers, Institutions | LV | Other | Edit | Delete | |
| DECLARATION on the Improvement of the Latvian Long-term Strategy for Building Renovation for 2014-2020 | The Declaration has been drafted by gathering the opinions and suggestions of more than 300 Latvian experts. The individuals and organizations that accede to this Declaration actively express our belief that we need sustainable and energy efficient buildings, and agree to contribute and support the Latvian Government to further develop its policy of ensuring a high quality, healthy and high standard of living environment. Several successful building renovation projects have already been implemented in Latvia, providing significant energy savings, which proves that we can carry out the necessary reforms and achieve the highest quality of construction in accordance with the principles of sustainable construction. Latvia has the necessary expertise, specialists, systems, materials, technologies and strategies to achieve outstanding results. | Reference URL | Recommendation | Institutions | LV | Other | Edit | Delete | |
| Research Legislative framework for promoting systainable construction in the Republicof Latvia and in the European Union | Goal of the research: - to make an overview of the legislation or legislation in force in Latvia and the European Union projects and policy planning documents, or those directly or indirectly In this way, different basic (minimum or maximum) criteria and thresholds are set, as defined objectives and targets for the years ahead; - find conclusions on areas where new regulation or regulatory changes are needed to: promote a more successful and effective use of sustainable construction policy in Latvia. | Reference URL | Recommendation | Schools, Universities, Builders, Employers, Institutions | LV | Other | Edit | Delete | |
| The eco-schools program in Latvia | http://www.videsfonds.lv/lv/ekoskolas | Reference URL | Recommendation | Schools, Universities | LV | Other | Edit | Delete | |
| "Green Skills" - Module within the overall professional modular program | ... | Reference URL | Key topics: 1. Green: Sustainable Thinking (14% of module total). 2. Interaction of nature and human action (14% of total module). 3. Environmentally friendly energy (14% of module total). 4. Sustainable use of water resources (14% of module total). 5. Sustainable waste management (14% of module total). 6. Human-Nature interaction (14% of module total). 7.Sustainable construction (16% of module total). This topic covers the concept of sustainable construction, principles for sustainable building valuation, sustainable building site selection, site development and maintenance, water and energy use in sustainable building, sustainable building material selection, pollution and waste reduction, sustainable building interior quality, climate change in construction. | Training program | Schools | LV | Energy economy in use, Energy economy in construction, Waste management, Use of other resources | Edit | Delete |
| PROFESSIONAL STANDARD FOR THE CONSTRUCTION SECTOR | a | Reference URL | Along with other construction workers, different levels of environmental manager qualifications are listed. The descriptions of these and other qualifications state that | Standard | Schools, Universities, Builders, Employers | LT | Waste management, Use of other resources | Edit | Delete |
| ENVIRONMENTAL EMPLOYEE MODULAR VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAM | Purpose of the program. The Modular Training Program for the Environmental Worker is designed to train qualified environmental staff capable of handling waste, preparing and supplying water, treating wastewater, performing atmospheric protection and noise prevention activities. The aim of the program is to provide appropriate training and learning conditions to ensure the competencies required to work with waste collection and management technology equipment and facilities, water metering devices, sewerage network and equipment maintenance, wastewater and gas sampling, pollutant neutralization, maintenance work of air purifiers, measurement of noise level, etc. and the qualification of an environmental worker. Important modules: - Waste Collection (15 credits). Learning Outcome: Describe the impacts of waste on environment and human health; illustrate opportunities for waste collection, recycling and recycling; to recognize the collected waste, to know the requirements for labeling, storage and sorting of waste; to use technological equipment and means for the separate collection of waste, applying civil and waste safety regulations; manage waste accounting documents; adapt the types of waste collection when primary sorting is performed at the place of production. - Waste Management (15 credits). Learning Outcome: illustrate options for recycling and recycling waste; define technological processes for the recovery of waste energy; to examine the landfill operation procedures; to adapt technological processes of waste sorting, treatment, dismantling of products; to apply waste recycling methods and technological processes in practice; safe and appropriate use of landfill technology. - Wastewater treatment (10 credits). Learning outcomes: define the impacts of waste water on environment and human health; describe the methods of waste water treatment; use of wastewater sampling, flow measurement and gas concentration measuring devices; apply techniques and means for collecting and neutralizing liquid contaminants; to define technological processes of surface water treatment; to define technological processes of industrial waste water treatment; to define technological processes of domestic wastewater treatment; safe use of sewage sludge dewatering and treatment facilities; adapt contaminated soil remediation techniques and technologies. - Atmosphere protection and noise prevention (10 credits). Learning outcomes: describe the effects of polluted air on the environment and human health; to use industrial and energy air purifiers; a description of the effects of noise on human health, the allowable noise levels, noise reduction techniques and measures; operate air purifiers safely. | Reference URL | Program Code and Scope in Credit Credits: M43071201, M44071201 - Program for Initial Vocational Training, 90 Learning Credits T43071201 - Continuing Vocational Training Program, 70 Learning Credits The title of the qualification is an environmental worker Qualification level according to Lithuanian Qualifications Framework (LTQF) - IV Minimum level of education required: M43071201 - Basic Education and Secondary Education T43071201, M44071201 - Secondary education No professional experience requirements (if applicable). One credit is equivalent to 27 academic hours. Within the formal VET curriculum in initial VET, 1 credit is allocated for 22 hours of contact work, counseling and assessment of pupil learning and 5 academic hours for self-directed non-teacher education. Within the formal VET curriculum for continuing vocational training and the non-formal VET curriculum, 1 credit for 18 academic hours is devoted to contact work, counseling and student learning achievement assessment, and 9 academic hours for student-directed, non-teacher-directed learning. | Training program | Schools, Employers | LT | Waste management, Use of other resources | Edit | Delete |
| PROFESSIONAL STANDARD FOR THE CONSTRUCTION SECTOR | Title of qualification: - assistant to the environmental manager - EQF II level - environmental manager - EQF III level - environmental manager - EQF IV level - environmental master - EQF V level | Reference URL | Along with other construction workers, different levels of environmental manager qualifications are listed. The descriptions of both these and other qualifications indicate that environmental requirements must be met when working. These are not separately specified. | Standard | Schools, Universities, Builders, Employers | LT | Waste management, Use of other resources | Edit | Delete |
| MODULAR VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAM FOR BRICKLAYER AND FURNACE BUILDER ASSISTANT | Bricklayer and furnace builder assistant in their activities are guided by occupational safety and health, ergonomics, occupational hygiene, fire safety, electrical safety, environmental requirements, sustainable construction principles. | Reference URL | Training program | Schools, Employers | LT | Other | Edit | Delete | |
| Modular Vocational Training Program for Painter-Plasterer Assistant | Assistant painter and plasterer work in accordance with occupational safety and health, ergonomics, occupational hygiene, fire safety, environmental protection, sustainable construction principles. | Reference URL | Training program | Schools, Employers | LT | Other | Edit | Delete | |
| Tile Layer vocational training modular program (LQF 4 level) | At work, the tile layer follows the requirements of occupational safety and health, ergonomics, occupational hygiene, fire safety, electrical safety, environmental protection, sustainable construction. | Reference URL | Training program | Schools, Employers | LT | Other | Edit | Delete | |
| ENVIRONMENTAL EMPLOYEE HIGHER EDUCATION AND STUDY PROGRAM | Purpose of the study program. The program is designed to train qualified environmental staff able to apply knowledge and skills of fundamental sciences in professional activities, collect and analyse data, process data, demonstrate and apply it in solving professional activity problems, analyse and adopt constructional decisions, prepare constructional part of building designs, analyse and apply technological processes of construction, plan and organise the course of construction ensuring the qualitative performance of works, human and environmental safety, evaluate engineering decisions in an ethical, social, economic and safety approach, deepen knowledge individually. | Reference URL | Energy efficiency in buildings, Selection of materials and natural resources, Other general aspects, Environmental certification of buildings | Training program | Universities, Builders, Employers, Institutions | LT | Construction products, Use of other resources | Edit | Delete |
| Professional Standard for level VI | To develop, implement and improve environmental solutions during the construction and operation stages of structures. | Reference URL | Legislative requirements for environmental protection and safe use of materials, storage, waste management, saving energy and other resources, rational and effective solutions, selection of tools and tasks for other process participants, process monitoring and improvement. | Standard | Universities, Builders, Employers, Institutions | LT | Energy economy in use, Energy economy in construction, Waste management, Construction products, Durability/Life cycle, Use of other resources | Edit | Delete |
| Professional Standard for level VII | To develop, implement and improve environmental solutions during the construction and operation stages of structures. | Reference URL | Preparation of rational and effective environmental protection solutions according to the requirements of legal acts, key aspects of the process, selection of measures, formulation of tasks for other participants of the process, monitoring and improvement of implementation. | Standard | Universities, Builders, Employers, Institutions | LT | Energy economy in use, Energy economy in construction, Waste management, Construction products, Durability/Life cycle, Use of other resources | Edit | Delete |
| Professional Bachelor Degree of Civil Engineering (LQF level VI) | Having comleted the studies gradutes are be able to plan and organise the process of construction ensuring the qualitative performance of works, human and environmental safety. They also can evaluate engineering decisions in an ethical, social, economic and safety approach. | Reference URL | Renewable energy sources, Efficiency of Energy Consumption, Protection of Biosphere, Construction Design Practice | Training program | Universities, Employers, Institutions | LT | Other | Edit | Delete |
| Professional Bachelor Degree of Engineering Systems of Buildings (LQF level VI) | Specialists with professional bachelor degree of Engineering Systems of Buildings will be able to plan and organize the process of engineering systems installation, ensuring the quality of performed works, human and environmental safety. They should also be able to assess engineering decisions from the ethical, social, economical and safety view. | Reference URL | Renewable energy sources, Efficiency of Energy Consumption, Protection of Biosphere, Construction Design Practice | Training program | Universities, Employers, Institutions | LT | Other | Edit | Delete |
| REGULATION (EU) No 305/2011 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 9 March 2011 laying down harmonised conditions for the marketing of construction products and repealing Council Directive 89/106/EEC | ANNEX I 3. Hygiene, health and the environment The construction works must be designed and built in such a way that they will, throughout their life cycle, not be a threat to the hygiene or health and safety of workers, occupants or neighbours, nor have an exceedingly high impact, over their entire life cycle, on the environmental quality or on the climate during their construction, use and demolition, in particular as a result of any of the following: (a) the giving-off of toxic gas; (b) the emissions of dangerous substances, volatile organic compounds (VOC), greenhouse gases or dangerous particles into indoor or outdoor air; (c) the emission of dangerous radiation; (d) the release of dangerous substances into ground water, marine waters, surface waters or soil; (e) the release of dangerous substances into drinking water or substances which have an otherwise negative impact on drinking water; (f) faulty discharge of waste water, emission of flue gases or faulty disposal of solid or liquid waste; (g) dampness in parts of the construction works or on surfaces within the construction works. 6. Energy economy and heat retention The construction works and their heating, cooling, lighting and ventilation installations must be designed and built in such a way that the amount of energy they require in use shall be low, when account is taken of the occupants and of the climatic conditions of the location. Construction works must also be energy-efficient, using as little energy as possible during their construction and dismantling. 7. Sustainable use of natural resources The construction works must be designed, built and demolished in such a way that the use of natural resources is sustainable and in particular ensure the following: (a) reuse or recyclability of the construction works, their materials and parts after demolition; (b) durability of the construction works; (c) use of environmentally compatible raw and secondary materials in the construction works. | Reference URL | Basic requirements of construction works | Legislation | Universities, Builders, Employers, Institutions | EU | Energy economy in use, Energy economy in construction, Waste management, Construction products, Durability/Life cycle, Use of other resources | Edit | Delete |
| Sustainability in construction | Sustainability takes into account the effects that construction will produce on people who live and / or work in buildings. Thus, it is about advancing in instrumentalizing a series of principles such as: Resources preservation (water, energies..) The 3 Rs principle : reduce, reuse and recycle - Analysis of the life cycle management of limited raw materials,with the objective of reducing the generation of waste and GHG emissions. rational use of energy and water. - General environmental protection of the environment. | Reference URL | Steps to follow in order to have a sustainable construction | Recommendation | Schools, Universities, Builders, Employers, Institutions | ES | Waste management, Use of other resources | Edit | Delete |
| Minimize the environmental impact | An optimal strategy to minimize the environmental impact is using possible solutions that will decrease the effects produced over the environment in a balancing way, for example: Reusing the existence building after demolition or big remodeling, try to keep some of these elements or most of them where seem reasonable, such as: foundations and structure, roof and facade, partitions, raised grounds and false ceiling. Try to recover and/or recycle the waste generated during the construction such as: wood, pavement, cement... Choose materials that can be recovered or restored such as wooden floor, wood panels, doors and wood frames... Choose materials which contain recycled elements, either post- consumer or post- industrial such as : plaster-carton, raised floor plate, steel, cement... Choose local or regional origin materials, due to the transport costs and the GHG emissions. Choose materials that can be renewable quickly such as cork, bamboo, vinyl, black poplar... Choose wooden products from certificated forests. Choose paints, priming, carpets, adhesive and insulations without VOC. | Reference URL | How to minimize the environmental impact | Recommendation | Schools, Universities, Builders, Employers, Institutions | ES | Waste management, Use of other resources | Edit | Delete |
| Wood as alternative for the creation of a sustainable building | Wood has been used through all history but it is unknown its features, and it is considered as the material with less environmental impact during its production, because it is capable of eliminating a big part of CO2. It is necessary taking into consideration its insulation capacity, which it estimates that can save between 50% and 60% in heat and air conditioner. Moreover, wood constructions tend to be faster and it can be even 30% cheaper rather than brick or cement. Some products derived from wood are used for insulation, such as fiber panels, built by waste generated from sawmills. It is important to guarantee that the wood used comes from responsable felling, which implies that responsable company plants new trees for the felling ones | Reference URL | The importance of the use of sustainable materials for the creation of buildings | Training program | Schools, Universities, Builders, Employers, Institutions | ES | Construction products, Use of other resources | Edit | Delete |
| Mudbrick as alternative for the creation of a sustainable building | Mudbrick is made of clay that has been heated at a temperature inferior to 950ºC and has been applied some natural treatments. After all of this process, it is obtained a low radioactivity and a good thermal inertia. One of the qualities that makes mud brick sustainable is the recycling capacity because its a inert material and very stable. Because of this,the waste generated during its production can be incorporated to the manufacturing circuit again. It has a big variety of uses in construction industry but mostly is used to make walls, facades and tiles. | Reference URL | the importance of the use of sustainable materials for the creation of buildings | Training program | Schools, Universities, Builders, Employers, Institutions | ES | Energy economy in use, Construction products, Use of other resources | Edit | Delete |
| Agglomerated cork as alternative for the creation of a sustainable building | Agglomerated cork is a natural product which has very good qualities in soundproofing and insulation. It is a material with a low conductivity, fireproof, it does not accumulate static electricity and it does not absorb humidity. Due to all of these reasons, it is mainly used to insulate houses. Moreover, cork comes from the bark of oak trees and it can removed without cutting down the tree and can be regenerated with time, which makes it a really sustainable material. | Reference URL | the importance of the use of sustainable materials for the creation of buildings | Training program | Schools, Universities, Builders, Employers, Institutions | ES | Energy economy in construction, Construction products, Use of other resources | Edit | Delete |
| Cellulose fiber alternative for the creation of a sustainable building | Cellulose fiber from recycled paper can be used as insulation, it is made of renewed newspaper which have been treatrised with borax to provide fireproof, insecticide and anti-fungal features. Its behavior is similar to wood, which provides balance between the summer and winter temperatures. | Reference URL | the importance of the use of sustainable materials for the creation of buildings | Training program | Schools, Universities, Builders, Employers, Institutions | ES | Energy economy in construction, Construction products, Use of other resources | Edit | Delete |
| Natural paints as alternative for the creation of a sustainable building | Natural paints are made of vegetable oils, metal oxides and derivative of vegetable or mineral origin. In the contrary of traditional plastic paints, it does not have volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde and heavy metals. They are biodegradable and eco friendly, they allow the transpiration of materials, avoiding humidities, cracks or chips. To achieve a more efficient construction, the use of the right materials is important but also the design and construction techniques that provide a more energetic efficiency. | Reference URL | The importance of the use of sustainable materials for the creation of buildings | Training program | Schools, Universities, Builders, Employers, Institutions | ES | Construction products, Use of other resources | Edit | Delete |
| Sustainable construccion course | Providing to the student the knowledges about the enviromental impact producted by buildings and providing a vision of the environmental aspects to be taken into account in the drafting of a Sustainable Construction project. | Reference URL | Principles of sustainable construction, Energy efficiency in buildings, Efficient Water Management, Selection of materials and natural resources, Waste management Indoor environment quality, Other general aspects, The environmental evaluation of buildings, Environmental certification of buildings | Training program | Schools, Universities, Builders, Employers | ES | Definitions, Waste management, Use of other resources | Edit | Delete |
| Building Code 2015 | § 11. Requirements for construction works (2) Where relevant, the requirements for construction works encompass: 1) mechanical durability and stability; 2) fire safety; 3) hygiene, health and the environment; 4) safety of use and access, including the needs of evacuation and rescue of people from the construction work and an operational map; 5) protection from noise; 6) energy conservation and energy efficiency; 7) sparing use of natural resources; 8) special needs of disabled people; 9) the functionality of a construction work, its functional coherence and compatibility; 10) requirements arising from the purpose of use and from use of the construction work-i.e., requirements concerning the state of the construction work, including maintenance requirements; 11) the marking of the construction work and its location. (3) The requirements for construction works are defined in accordance with the essential requirements established in Annex I of Regulation (EU) 305/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down harmonised conditions for the marketing of construction products and repealing Council Directive 89/106/EEC (OJ L 88, 04.04.2011, pp. 5?43). | Reference URL | The building Code is the bases of the professional standard of construction worker. Professional standard is again a base for the construction curriculums | Legislation | Schools, Universities, Builders, Employers, Institutions | EE | Energy economy in use, Energy economy in construction, Waste management, Construction products, Durability/Life cycle, Use of other resources, Other | Edit | Delete |
| Building Code 2015 | § 63. Definitions (1) The energy performance of a building means the calculated or measured amount of energy needed to meet the energy demand associated with a typical use of the building, which includes, inter alia, energy used for heating, cooling, ventilation, hot water and lighting. (2) Minimum requirements for energy performance means the ceiling values of the total energy consumption of existing or new buildings, which are based on the purpose of use of the buildings and which take into account technical parameters, the requirements established for technical systems that consume significant amounts of energy or the conditions for introducing the use of renewable energy in buildings. Minimum requirements for energy performance may also include requirements for the building's other technical systems if the operation of those systems causes the building's energy demand to increase significantly. (3) For the purposes of this Chapter, technical system that consumes a significant amount of energy means the space heating, space cooling, ventilation, water heating and lighting equipment or any combination of these installed in a building or part of a building. (4) Renovation is deemed to be major if the costs of modification of the building's envelope elements and the modification or replacement of the building's loadbearing or stiffening elements, or of modification of the building's outer envelope and the building's technical systems or parts thereof, or of the complete replacement of a technical system, exceed one quarter of the average building cost of a building that is equivalent to the building that is being renovated. | Reference URL | The building Code is the bases of the professional standard of construction worker. Professional standard is again a base for the construction curriculums | Legislation | Schools, Universities, Builders, Employers, Institutions | EE | Energy economy in use, Energy economy in construction, Waste management, Construction products, Durability/Life cycle, Use of other resources, Other | Edit | Delete |
| Professional Standard for a VET level 4 concrete worker | Performance indicators: 1. Before starting work, prepare a workplace that is compliant with the principles of energy conservation. 2. Carring out in his / her professional work by applying the basic energy efficiency knowledge. 3. When carrying out its tasks, it shall take into account the energy consumption of the construction activities and shall use the energy sources (electricity, water, lighting, heat blowers, etc.) necessary for its work in a purposeful and economical way. 4. Selects the appropriate materials (building materials, fasteners, other work aids, etc.) according to the energy efficiency requirements and the specifics of his / her specialty. 5. Selects the right technology and work practices to perform the task, taking into account the requirements of energy efficiency and the specialty of its specialty. 6. Implement, where possible, modular systems (material dimensions, frame size, etc.) appropriate to the quality and cost effectiveness of the construction work performed by the profession. 7. Carry out all work necessary to improve energy efficiency within its occupation. Knowledge: (a) the general concepts of energy efficiency and their meanings; (b) factors affecting energy efficiency; (c) main sources of energy in Estonia (including renewable energy sources); (d) quality requirements for construction works and their impact on energy performance; (e) factors affecting the thermal conductivity of the partitions and the energy consumption of the building (including the characteristics of the building materials and construction products); (f) the different utility systems, the impact of these choices on the energy performance of the building; (g) ways of improving the energy performance of buildings; (h) the impact of work culture on the energy consumption of construction activities; (i) the effect of different weather conditions on the building envelope; (j) the impact of behavioral patterns on the energy consumption of buildings. | Reference URL | Professional standard is a base to the VET construction curriculums | Standard | Schools, Universities, Builders, Employers | EE | Energy economy in use, Energy economy in construction | Edit | Delete |
| Building Code 2015 | § 65. Minimum requirements for energy performance (1) Any new building that is being built or any existing building that is undergoing major renovation must conform to the minimum requirements for energy performance after the completion of the building or renovation work. If the building work was performed on the basis of a building permit, the construction work must conform to the minimum requirements for energy performance that were effective at the time the permit was issued 2) The building's outer envelope and technical systems that consume a significant amount of energy must bedesigned and built such that approaching them as an integral whole would allow for conformity to the minimumrequirements for energy performance. | Legislation | Builders | EE | Energy economy in use, Energy economy in construction | Edit | Delete |